How to Hunt Ducks

As a new duck hunter, you have a long list of tasks before your first opening day, especially without a seasoned hunter to guide you. To set yourself up for success, take a hunter’s safety course, get the necessary licenses, buy the right gear, learn how to identify duck species, understand the federal and state game laws, scout effectively, create decoy spreads, master calling techniques, and learn when to shoot. And that’s just the basics.

Once you experience a successful duck hunt and get hooked on shooting mallards in the decoys, there’s no turning back. Waterfowlers become obsessed with their sport quickly because the seasons are long and offer ample opportunities to witness the continental waterfowl migration and decoy birds at close range. The North American duck seasons span from September in Canada to early March in Mexico, allowing hunters to quickly improve their skills. However, it’s crucial to start off on the right foot. Here’s everything you need to know about duck hunting before investing in gear.

How to Hunt Ducks: Basics

Due to the complexity of duck hunting, this article covers a wide range of topics. You can either read through the entire piece or use the chapter links below to find the information you need more quickly.

Hunter Education

First and foremost, new hunters should take a hunter’s safety course. While some states don’t require it to buy a hunting license, it’s still wise to get certified. Taking the course ensures you learn proper gun handling and safe hunting practices. Moreover, if you plan to hunt in other states where hunter education is mandatory for all ages, having a hunter’s safety card is essential.

Navigating Duck Hunting Laws and Seasons

Duck Season Dates

Duck season varies across different regions. In Canada, it begins on September 1 and ends in early March in Mexico. In the United States, the season opens in early September and ends on the last day of January. Many states also have early teal seasons, which start a few days, weeks, or months before the regular duck season, depending on the location.

Early Teal Season

The bag limit for early teal season is typically six ducks per day, with some variations depending on the population. Blue-winged teal are usually the main species targeted during this season, although green-winged or cinnamon teal may also be fair game. It’s important to note that certain states, such as North Dakota, do not have early teal hunts. Additionally, some states run early wood duck seasons concurrently with teal season to help new hunters avoid mistaking wood ducks for teal.

The Regular Season

The regular duck season in the United States extends from September to the end of January, with certain states implementing split seasons to optimize hunting opportunities and bird conservation. The selection of season dates is based on historical migration patterns and may change as weather patterns shift. The bird species you’ll encounter during the hunt depends on the time of the season and where you’re hunting.

The Duck Stamp

Before hunting ducks, it is necessary to purchase a hunting license, state duck stamp, and federal duck stamp. The majority of the revenue from federal duck stamp sales is dedicated to acquiring and protecting wetland habitat and conservation easements for the National Wildlife Refuge system.

The U.S. Flyways

North America has four flyways for waterfowl. Each flyway has different daily limits and species regulations, set by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. It’s important to be aware of these regulations, as they dictate the number and types of ducks that can be harvested. Flyway boundaries also affect the specific regulations within each state.

Bag Limits

Every hunter must adhere to daily and possession limits set by their respective states and countries. In most U.S. flyways, the daily bag limit is six ducks, while the Pacific Flyway allows for seven ducks per day. Possession limits are typically three times the daily limit. However, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with regional regulations, as they may vary.

Migratory Bird Laws

Compliance with federal and state migratory bird laws is critical for hunters. These laws protect all waterfowl species, and failure to adhere to the guidelines can result in severe penalties. It is essential to understand the specific rules, such as retrieving downed birds and avoiding baiting violations, which can vary across federal and state regulations.

The Different Species of Ducks

North America offers 32 huntable duck species classified into three categories: puddle ducks, diving ducks, and sea ducks. Puddle ducks can be found in various waterfowl habitats, while diving ducks are typically hunted on larger bodies of water. Sea ducks primarily inhabit coastal areas. It’s important to familiarize yourself with the different species within each category to ensure compliance with bag limits and species regulations.

Duck Hunting Gear

Duck hunters tend to be gear enthusiasts, with an array of equipment designed to enhance their success. While it’s not necessary to invest excessively in gear, certain essential items are crucial for a successful hunt.

Decoys

Decoys are a critical component of any duck hunt. Depending on your hunting style and needs, you can choose between foam-filled floaters and flocked, molded decoys. Foam-filled floaters are lightweight, durable, and ideal for walk-in or boat-in hunters. On the other hand, molded decoys offer superior realism but may be heavier and less portable. It’s essential to find a balance between realism and practicality based on your hunting circumstances and budget.

Motion Decoys

Creating motion within your decoy spread is an effective way to attract ducks. Jerk rigs and spinning-wing decoys are popular options. Wooden jerk rigs create ripples in the water, mimicking the motion of ducks landing or feeding. Spinning-wing decoys simulate the wing flapping of landing birds and can be highly effective from long distances. Incorporating on-water motion decoys adds realism to your spread.

Duck Calls

Choosing the right duck call is crucial for effectively mimicking duck sounds and attracting waterfowl. There is an extensive selection of calls with different designs, materials, and reed arrangements. Single-reed calls require more air pressure but offer greater control, while double-reed calls are easier to blow. It’s important to find a call that suits your calling style and provides realistic duck sounds.

Waders

Waders are essential for hunting in wet environments. There are various options available, including neoprene and breathable waders. Neoprene waders are durable and affordable but can be heavier and less breathable. Breathable waders, although more expensive, offer improved comfort and versatility. Consider your hunting conditions and personal preferences when choosing waders.

Clothing

Layering and selecting appropriate clothing is crucial to stay warm and comfortable during duck hunts. Merino wool base layers are highly recommended for their moisture-wicking properties, which prevent sweat from turning cold on your skin. Insulated field hunting bibs and lightweight, warm jackets with a waterproof shell are essential for different weather conditions. Choosing the right clothing ensures protection from the elements and enhances your overall hunting experience.

Hunting Boats and Decoy Trailers

While not necessary for beginner hunters, boats and decoy trailers can significantly expand your hunting opportunities. The choice of a hunting boat depends on the type of water you’ll be navigating, whether it’s small lakes, rivers, or ocean bays. Consider safety features, lighting, and navigational equipment when selecting a boat. Decoy trailers are useful for transporting and storing decoys, blinds, and other gear. Assess your decoy collection and storage requirements before choosing an open or enclosed trailer.

Hunting with a Duck Dog

Although not essential, hunting with a well-trained retriever can greatly enhance your duck hunting experience. Labrador retrievers are popular choices, but other breeds with natural retrieval instincts can also excel in waterfowl hunting. When selecting a duck dog, research reputable breeders and consider bloodlines and hunting capabilities. Ensure you prioritize the safety and well-being of your dog during hunts.

By following these guidelines, novice duck hunters can embark on their hunting journey well-prepared and equipped for a successful and enjoyable experience.

Always have the number of the nearest veterinarian and know how to drive there. This is especially important if you are hunting in another state.

Check your dog for injuries after every hunt, and be sure to keep his eyes and paws clear of any grass seed.

Consider your dog’s limitations as he ages.

Buying a duck gun can be a daunting task. There are so many models to choose from—let alone deciding which gauge to buy—and each gun can have its own quirks. Semi-autos, pumps, and break-actions are all viable options.

Gas-operated and recoil-driven shotguns are both good choices. Italian-made guns like Beretta and Benelli are highly recommended.

Franchi and Tri-Star offer more affordable shotguns. There are also plenty of used guns available.

Pumps are reliable and easy to fix. The Remington 870 and Mossberg 500 are popular choices.

Over/unders and side-by-sides are not as popular, but the Browning Citori is a reliable option.

To legally hunt waterfowl, you must use non-toxic shot. Steel, bismuth, Hevi-Shot, and TSS are acceptable options.

Knowing when to shoot a duck takes experience and judgment.

Practice shooting pigeons, crows, and doves to improve your wing shooting skills.

Guided hunts can be a good way to get started. Do proper research and ask for references before booking a trip.

Leasing a hunting spot can be expensive but allows for exclusive access.

A trespass fee can provide access to different wetlands and the chance to build a relationship with landowners.

Asking for permission is a cost-effective option. Be respectful when approaching landowners.

Hunting public land is less costly but comes with more competition. It’s important to familiarize yourself with the specific rules and regulations of the area.

Joining a duck club is an option for experienced hunters. Take your time selecting a club that fits your hunting style and personality.

Buying a duck property allows for complete control over the land, but it requires knowledge and maintenance.

Scouting is essential for success. Ducks roost on larger watersheds and feed in various locations depending on the season.

Decoy spreads should look natural. Set up decoys close to your shooting position and create a runway for ducks to land.

Pass shooting, jump shooting, and float hunting are alternative methods of hunting ducks that can be effective.

Transporting ducks requires careful adherence to the law. Dead birds must be tagged and accompanied until you arrive at your residence.

Properly butcher ducks to remain legal and follow recipes to cook them deliciously.

Patience is the key to becoming a successful duck hunter. Don’t rush and be persistent in your pursuit.